Authority in Ocean Governance Architecture

In this article, we demonstrate that the ocean is a space of politics and explore what, who, how governance. We first sketch governance architecture examine challenges shortcomings concerning political authority. Starting from definition “ocean governance,” highlight two fundamentally different regulatory approaches are applied to ocean: spatial ordering on one hand sectoral segmentation other. States central actors regulating use protection marine areas, but state sovereignty stratified, with diminishing degrees authority farther shoreline. As vast spaces beyond exclusive control any given territorial state, areas national jurisdiction must be created enable collective decision-making. Consequently, multitude authorities regulate human activities in ocean, producing overlaps, conflicting policies, gaps. Based recent contributions fast-growing research field, provide thematic overview structured along dimensions maritime security, environment, economics unveil patterns